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Protecting Workers’ Rights in the Gig Economy: Digital Labor Platforms and the Case for a Dependent Contractor Classification 9 References 1. Berg, Janine, et al. Digital Labour Platforms and the Fu- ture ofWork: TowardsDecentWork in theOnlineWorld. International Labour Organization. 20 September 2018. 2. Choudary, Sangeet Paul. The Architecture of Digital Labour Platforms: Policy Recommendations on Platform Design for Worker Well-Being. ILO Future of Work Research Paper Series, International Labour Organization. 2018. 3. Duffin, Erin. “The Rise of the Gig Economy in the US: A Statista DossierPlus on the New Way of Working.” Statista , 2019. 4. Fendrick, Lisa. A Third Class of Worker: The Dependent Contractor. Gettysburg College. Fall 2018. 5. Harris, Seth D., & Krueger, Alan B. A Proposal for Mod- ernizing Labor Laws for Twenty-First-Century Work: The “Independent Worker.” Discussion Paper 2015-10. The Hamilton Project. Brookings. 2015. 6. International Labour Organization (ILO a). Non-stan- dard Employment Around the World: Understanding Challenges, Shaping Prospects. International Labour Office. 2016. 7. International Labour Organization (ILO b). Resolution Concerning Statistics on Work Relationships. The 20th International Conference of Labour Statisticians, Geneva. 5–9 February 2018. 8. Lobel (a), Orly. “The Gig Economy & The Future of Employment and Labor Law.” University of San Francisco Law Review , 14 October 2016. 9. Lobel (b), Orly. “The Debate Over How to Classify Gig Workers Is Missing the Bigger Picture.” Harvard Business Review , 24 July 2019. 10. Mazareanu, E. “Uber Technologies—Statistics & Facts.” Statista , 6 November 2020. 11. Stone, Katherine V. W. “Legal Protections for Atypical Employees: Employment Law for Workers without Workplaces and Employees without Employers.” Berkeley Journal of Employment and Labor Law , Vol. 27, no. 2, 2006, pp. 251–286. 12. Todolí-Signes, Adrían. “The ‘Gig Economy:’ Employee, Self-Employed or the Need for a Special Employment Regulation?” Transfer: European Review of Labour and Research , Vol. 23, no. 2, 2017, pp. 193–205. 13. Torpey, Elka, & Hogan, Andrew. “Working in a Gig Economy.” Career Outlook. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. May 2016. 14. Williams, Colin C., & Lapeyre, Frédéric. “Dependent Self-Employment: Trends, Challenges and Policy Responses in the EU. Employment Working Paper No. 228. International Labour Organization. 13 December 2017. We wish to thank the ILO and mentors from Lehigh University and Universidad San Francisco de Quito for their assistance on this Martindale Center and Lehigh University / United Nations Partnership Policy Brief project. Martindale Center for the Study of Private Enterprise Lehigh University College of Business Rauch Business Center, 621 Taylor Street Bethlehem, PA 18015 Tel: (610) 758-4771 / Fax: (610) 758-6549 Executive Director: Todd A. Watkins, Ph.D. Tel (610) 758-4954 / taw4@lehigh.edu Fellowship Advising and United Nations Programs 32 Sayre Drive, Bethlehem, PA 18015 (610) 758-4977 / invpia@lehigh.edu Director: Bill Hunter, Ph.D. Tel (610) 758-4505 / wdh3@lehigh.edu