Perspectives on Business and Economics.Vol41

90 PERSPECTIVES ON BUSINESS AND ECONOMICS | VOL 41 | 2023 port cities must take action to prepare and adapt to the conditions that will come. Conclusions Denmark is an environmentally conscious country. Its citizens have gone to great lengths to reduce their carbon footprint and be more sustainable. However, despite this progress, because of its small size and unique geography, Denmark is still exceptionally susceptible to climate change. The country is almost surrounded by water and is vulnerable to SLRs. In the upcoming decades, not only the mean SLR but also more extreme weather events will lead to an increased number of storm surges. There are some interesting projects that Denmark has initiated to deal with the SLRs that will occur in the future, like the Lynetteholm Island in Copenhagen. However, smaller cities that do not have the capital to invest in new infrastructure are not making it a priority to protect themselves against SLRs. By investing in dikes (a less significant capital investment than Lynetteholm Island), small cities could benefit in the long run as costs of flooding and other damages would be significantly reduced. Because of its unique geographical location, Denmark’s economy is based on the export of goods by sea. Most of this business takes place in the Ports of Aarhus and Copenhagen, in the two largest cities in Denmark. In past decades, there has not been an emphasis on the protection of these ports that are vulnerable to flooding. Inundation of either of these ports would lead to significant international supply chain problems. Denmark needs both short- and long-term plans that address these issues to minimize the cost of climate change in the future. The responsibility to prepare for the future conditions must be addressed at multiple levels; one group or organization alone cannot be expected to take full responsibility. In the recent past, Denmark has focused on greenhouse gas emission reduction, resolving as a country to address a cause in which it wholeheartedly believes. With Denmark set to reach its reduction goals in the upcoming decade, a shift must be made in what it considers its utmost priority. The people of Denmark need to come together to address SLRs, which bring a complex set of challenges resulting from climate change. References American-Danish Business Council. (2022). Denmark is the world’s fifth largest maritime shipping nation! Asariotis, R. (2021, June 4). Climate change impacts on seaports: A growing threat to sustainable trade and development. UNCTAD Transport and Trade Facilitation Newsletter, 90. Baron, N. (2020). The recovery period after storm Bodil’s destruction in Jyllinge Nordmark in 2013/2014: Background report. Ministry of Environment and Food of Denmark. Beyer, E. J. (2021, June 29). Denmark’s new artificial island aims to tackle climate change. Interestingengineering.com. Boettle, M., Rybski, D., & Kropp, J. P. (2013). Adaptation to sea level rise: Calculating costs and benefits for the case study Kalundborg, Denmark. In P. Schmidt-Thomé & J. Klein (Eds.), Climate change adaptation in practice: From strategy development to implementation. Wiley-Blackwell. Christodoulou, A., Christidis, P., & Demirel, H. (2019). Sea-level rise in ports: A wider focus on impacts. Maritime Economics & Logistics, 21, 482–496. Climate adaptation through improved water management. (2013, September 6). State of Green. Coastal flood risk Denmark. (2022). ClimateChangePost. Copenhagen, Denmark metro area population 1950-2022 (2022.) MacroTrends. Copenhagen climate adaptation plan. (2015). klimatilpasning.dk. Denmark is once again ranked the world’s most sustainable. (2022, June 1). State of Green. Denmark parliament approves giant artificial island off Copenhagen (2021, June 4). BBC News. Dikes and related works. (2022). FloodWise in BC’s Lower Mainland. Field, C. B. (Ed.) (2012). Special report on managing the risks of extreme events and disasters to advance climate change adaptation: Special report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press. Hallegatte, S., Ranger, N., Mestre, O., Dumas, P., Corfee-Morlot, J., Herweijer, C., & Muir Wood, R. (2010). Assessing climate change impacts, sea level rise and storm surge risk in port cities: A case study on Copenhagen. Climatic Change, 104, 113–37. Hippe, A., Becker, A., Fischer, M., & Schwegl, B. (2015, December). Estimation of cost required to elevate US ports in response to climate change: A thought exercise for climate critical resources (Center for Integrated Faculty Engineering, Working Paper 138). Stanford University. Klimasikring og kystlandskab [Climate protection and coastal landscape]. (2022). By & Havn. Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Denmark. (2022). Sustainability in Denmark. Denmark.dk. National Hurricane Center, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. (2022). Storm surge overview. US Department of Commerce. Olsen, M. (2022, July 8). The great housing divide: How wealth inequality in Denmark starts with property. Courthouse News Service. O’Neill, A. (2023). Urbanization in Denmark 2022. Statista.

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