ix ALASKAN KELP: GROWING A NEW INDUSTRY Helen C. Tynes..................................................................................................................................... 54 Alaska has set its sights on growing its mariculture industry to $100M in 20 years. Within this young industry, kelp will play an important role in reaching this goal. Not only would farming kelp bring needed economic activity, but also kelp offers key environmental benefits and can even be used for carbon capture. Further support and programming for farmers are needed as well as new efforts to get kelp on Americans’ plates. CLIMATE RELOCATION IN ALASKA: A FRAMEWORK FOR EFFICIENCY Melissa J. Hertzberg............................................................................................................................ 63 Climate change threatens the sustainability of Native Alaskan villages. The need for climate relocation of certain communities exposes the inefficiencies and complexities of the current framework. This article presents a village case study identifying each component of the relocation process and highlights the needs for improvement. It presents recommendations for relocation methodology and practice in order to streamline the process. CONTEMPORARY IMPLICATIONS OF THE 1971 ALASKA NATIVE CLAIMS SETTLEMENT ACT Adrian De Vera Suarez. ....................................................................................................................... 72 The Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act of 1971 (ANCSA) was created in order to provide economic prosperity for Alaska Natives. However, the modern needs of Alaska Natives have drastically changed and so must the act. This article proposes amendments to ANCSA, namely, the expansion of subsistence living rights; a deeper examination of Alaska Native land ownership; and the adoption of sustainable development approaches that take into account the community’s economic, social, and environmental needs. CONSEQUENCES OF PERMAFROST MELTING ON ALASKA’S INFRASTRUCTURE Sakshi Acharya.................................................................................................................................... 79 Increasing temperatures pose a severe threat to Alaska, as most of its infrastructure is built on the frozen layer of ground called permafrost. Through case studies, this article explores the economic damage permafrost melting causes and then recommends approaches to address the effects, including permafrost monitoring, infrastructure maintenance, and innovative replacement. DEADLY SKIES: AVIATION IN ALASKA Griffin Alexander Fox.......................................................................................................................... 87 Alaska relies on small aircraft to move both people and essential goods and services around the vast state. Despite aviation’s importance and ubiquity, it is an incredibly risky endeavor. Alaska is one of the most dangerous states to fly in, with a disproportionately high percentage of crashes and deaths. This article explores the challenges of Alaskan aviation and what can be done to improve safety and save lives. GONE FISHING: PRESERVING ALASKAN TRADITION IN NEW WATERS Thomas Perillo.................................................................................................................................... 95 Alaska’s seafood products are recognized globally for their high quality derived from pristine waters. However, climate change and fluctuation in aquatic variables add challenges for management councils. As the relationship between these changes and the effects on marine species is still not entirely known, changes to fishery management are necessary to allow for dynamic oversight as updated research becomes available. Transition to adaptive management can preserve both economic value and the tradition of the state’s commercial fisheries.
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