78 PERSPECTIVES ON BUSINESS AND ECONOMICS | VOL 42 | 2024 promises made by the current head of parliament. Additionally, people of Amazigh descent have taken to social media and developed other progressive media campaigns that have begun to effectively sensitize Moroccans and close the gap between linguistic and cultural identities and embrace the diversity it may offer. Implementing measures for cultural preservation in urban centers, allowing for the interconnectivity between urban and rural areas, and investing in the development of rural Morocco will establish the physical and social infrastructure that will effectively preserve indigenous culture while addressing the factors that aid its erasure. References Aidi, H. (2022, December 15). Morocco’s World Cup run was a political game changer for North Africa. Jacobin. Amnai, H. (2019). Through the eyes of a young Amazigh. In D. Angel, V. A. Lopez-Carmen, E. Stamatopoulou (Eds.), Global indigenous youth: Through their eyes (pp. 24–38). Institute for the Study of Human Rights, Columbia University. doi:10.7916/d8-n38k-q554 Chtatou, M. (2023, October 10). The neglected High Atlas Mountains and the challenges of life post-earthquake. Washington Institute for Near East Policy. Congrès Mondial Amazigh. (2016). International pacte on civil and political rights: UN Committee for Human Rights. https://ccprcentre.org/files/documents/CONGRES_MONDIAL_AMAZIGH_(ENG).pdf Crivello, G. (2003). Dreams of passage: Negotiating gender, status and migration in the Moroccan Rif [Ph.D. dissertation]. University of California, Riverside. Despite promises, Tamazight taught in few Moroccan schools. (2015, September 1). Morocco World News. Ennaji, M. (1997). The sociology of Berber: Change and continuity. International Journal of the Sociology of Language, 1997, 23–40. doi:10.1515/ijsl.1997.123.23 Ichou, A., & Fathi, S. (2022, August). Amazigh language in education policy and planning in Morocco: Effects of the gap between macro and micro levels of planning. International Journal of Social Science and Human Research, 5, 3702–3719. doi:10.47191/ijsshr/v5-i8-49 International Labour Organization. (1989). C169 - Indigenous and Tribal Peoples convention, 1989 (no. 169). International Work Group for Indigenous Affairs. (2020). Indigenous peoples in Morocco. Lefèvre, R. (2016). North Africa’s ‘Berber question.’ Journal of North African Studies, 21, 545–549. doi:10.1080/13 629387.2016.1200872 Lima, T. (2011). A Berber in Agadir: Exploring the urban/ rural shift in Amazigh identity [Independent study project]. SIT, Morocco. Maddy-Weitzman, B. (2011). The Berber identity movement and the challenge to North African states. University of Texas Press. doi:10.7560/725874. Maddy-Weitzman, B. (2012). Arabization and its discontents: The rise of the Amazigh movement in North Africa. Journal of the Middle East and Africa, 3, 109–135. doi:10 .1080/21520844.2012.738549 Masbah, M. (2017, November 17). A new generation of protests in Morocco? How Hirak al-Rif endures. Arab Reform Initiative. Mayet, S. (2022, December 15). How the indigenous Amazigh people in Morocco fight for language and land. WagingNonviolence.org. Meskine, D., & de Ruiter, J. J. (2015). Young Moroccans are speaking out: The changing language market of Morocco. Sociolinguistic Studies, 9, 27–50. doi:10.1558/sols. v9i1.24546 Ministère de la Jeunesse, de la Culture et de la Communication [Ministry of Youth, Culture and Communication]. (2023). [The program to reduce spatial and social disparities contributed to putting the target groups on the path of sustainable human development]. www.maroc.ma Rahhou, J. (2023, May 3). Amazigh New Year becomes official national holiday in Morocco. Morocco World News. Roettger, T. (2017). Tonal placement in Tashlhiyt: How an intonation system accommodates to adverse phonological environments. Language Society Press. doi:10.5281/zenodo.814472 Sater, J. (2007). Civil society and political change in Morocco. Routledge. Silverstein, P., & Crawford, D. (2004). Amazigh activism and the Moroccan state. Middle East Report, 233, 44–48. doi:10.2307/1559451 Wolf, A. (2019). Morocco’s Hirak movement and legacies of contention in the Rif. Journal of North African Studies, 24, 1–6. doi:10.1080/13629387.2018.1538188 World Bank. (2022). Population, total - Morocco. LAYAN SULEIMAN graduates from Lehigh University in 2025, majoring in industrial and systems engineering and minoring in business and computer science. At Lehigh, Layan served as president of the Middle Eastern Student Union and board member of the Muslim Student Association. Layan interned at Lehigh Valley companies PPL and Air Products in asset management and data analytics. Outside Lehigh, she advises international students at US universities to ensure their academic, emotional, and social success; is marketing chair for the Philadelphia branch of the Muslim Interscholastic Tournament; and maintains a self-established embroidery business, using it to amplify her passions.
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